Perpustakaan Terpadu

Peningkatan angka prevalensi diabetes di Indonesia cukup signifikan, yaitu 6,9% di tahun 2013 meningkat menjadi 8,5% di tahun 2018. Penderita diabetes melitus dapat mengalami kelainan lipid karena metabolisme lipid dipengaruhi oleh insulin. Penanganan yang tepat diperlukan untuk menjaga agar kadar glukosa darah dan profil lipid tetap normal dan stabil serta mencegah terjadinya komplikasi. Diet DM harus memperhatikan prinsip 3J yaitu tepat jumlah, tepat jenis, dan tepat jadwal. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling, terdapat 30 responden yang diteliti dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner kepatuhan diet, formulir food recall 24 jam dan melihat data rekam medis terkait kadar glukosa darah dan profil lipid. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, disajikan dalam tabel dan gambar, serta diberi penjelasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 50% responden patuh dalam menjalankan prinsip diet DM tepat jumlah, 70% patuh terhadap tepat jenis, dan 66,7% patuh terhadap tepat jadwal. Sebanyak 74% responden memiliki kadar GDS ≥200 mg/dL (Hiperglikemia), seluruh responden memiliki kadar HDL rendah, 40% responden memiliki kadar LDL normal dan mendekati normal, serta 40% responden memiliki kadar trigliserida agak tinggi. Saran yang diberikan kepada pasien DM tipe 2 yaitu menerapkan diet sesuai anjuran ahli gizi dengan memahami bahan makanan yang dianjurkan, dibatasi, dan tidak dianjurkan agar kadar glukosa dapat terkontrol, serta rutin memeriksakan kesehatan sehingga kadar glukosa dapat terpantau dan teratasi sedini mungkin. Kata Kunci: Terapi Diet, kadar Glukosa Darah, Profil Lipid, Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

The increase prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia is quite significant, from 6.9% in 2013 to 8.5% in 2018. Patients with diabetes mellitus can experience lipid abnormalities because lipid metabolism is influenced by insulin. Proper handling is needed to keep blood sugar levels and lipid profiles normal and stable and prevent complications. The diet of diabetes mellitus must pay attention to the 3J principle, namely the right amount, the right type, and the right schedule. The type of research is descriptive observational research with a cross sectional design. Sampling in this research using purposive sampling method, there were 30 respondents studied and met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out by interviewing using a dietary compliance questionnaire, 24-hour food recall form and looking at medical record data related to blood glucose levels and lipid profiles. Data processing and analysis were carried out descriptively, presented in tables and figures, and given explanations. The results showed that 50% of respondents were compliant in carrying out the principles of the right amount of DM diet, 70% were compliant with the right type, and 66.7% were compliant with the right schedule. As many as 74% of respondents had temporary blood glucose levels ≥200 mg/dL (Hyperglycemia), all respondents had low HDL levels, 40% of respondents had normal and near normal LDL levels, and 40% of respondents had moderately high triglyceride levels. Advice given to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is to implement a diet according to nutritionist recommendations by understanding food ingredients that are recommended, limited, and not recommended so that glucose levels can be controlled, as well as routine health checks so that glucose levels can be monitored and resolved as early as possible. Keywords: Diet Therapy, Blood Glucose Level, Lipid Profile, Type 2 Diabetes Melitus